行业资讯
挖掘机的基本操作有哪些？
来源：/ 日期：2023-05-17
挖掘机的基本操作如下：
The basic operation of an excavator is as follows:
1、确认挖掘机周围无障碍物，和学开车一个道理，先观察好周围车况；
1. Confirm that there are no obstacles around the excavator, just like learning to drive, first observe the surrounding vehicle conditions;
2、上车后先鸣笛，起到警示路人的作用，也是起一个性警示；
2. After boarding, honking the horn serves as a warning to pedestrians and also serves as a safety warning;
3、确认仪表上无报警，车辆无异常情况；
3. Confirm that there are no alarms on the instrument panel and that there are no abnormal situations in the vehicle;
4、将切断阀旋到ON启动；
4. Turn the shut-off valve to ON to start;
其具体操作分为四个动作：大臂、小臂、铲斗、旋转，有的小机器还有一个推铲。
The specific operation is divided into four actions: boom, jib, bucket, rotation, and some small machines also have a push shovel.
挖掘机液压缸内部装有缓冲装置，能够在靠近行程末端逐渐释放背压；如果在到达行程末端后受到冲击载荷，活塞将直接碰到缸头或缸底，容易造成事故，因此到行程末端时应尽量留有余隙。
The hydraulic cylinder of the excavator is equipped with a buffer device inside, which can gradually release back pressure near the end of the stroke; If the piston is subjected to an impact load after reaching the end of the stroke, it will directly touch the cylinder head or bottom, which is prone to accidents. Therefore, it is advisable to leave as much clearance as possible when reaching the end of the stroke.
济南挖掘机租赁厂家提醒，利用挖掘机回转动作进行推土作业将引起铲斗和工作装置的不正常受力，造成扭曲或焊缝开裂，甚销轴折断，应尽量避免此种操作。
Jinan excavator rental manufacturers remind that using the excavator's rotation action to perform soil pushing operations will cause abnormal force on the bucket and working device, causing distortion or weld cracking, and even pin breakage. This operation should be avoided as much as possible.
利用挖掘机机体重量进行挖掘会造成回转支承不正常受力状态，同时会对底盘产生较强的振动和冲击，因此应用利液压缸或液压管路产生较大的破坏。
Using the weight of the excavator body to excavate can cause abnormal stress on the slewing bearing, as well as strong vibration and impact on the chassis. Therefore, the use of hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic pipelines can cause significant damage.
挖掘机在装卸岩石等较重物料时，应靠近卡车车厢底部卸料，或先装载泥土，然后装载岩石，禁止高空卸载，以减小对卡车的撞击破坏。
When loading and unloading heavy materials such as rocks, excavators should approach the bottom of the truck compartment for unloading, or load soil first and then rocks. High altitude unloading is prohibited to reduce impact damage to the truck.
履带挖掘机陷入泥中较深时，在铲斗下垫一块木板，利用铲斗的底端支起履带，然后在履带下垫上木板，将机器驶出。
When a tracked excavator is deeply immersed in the mud, a wooden board is placed under the bucket, and the bottom end of the bucket is used to support the track. Then, a wooden board is placed under the track to drive the machine out.
These are all basic operations that can be memorized in about an hour. The main thing is that the chain action requires long-term practice and gradually becomes familiar. To learn the excavator well, one must have patience. For more related matters, come to our website consulting service
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