行业资讯
六个压路机必看的知识点
来源：/ 日期：2022-03-18
一 、压路机的分类
1、 Classification of rollers
压路机按工作质量范围可分为轻型、小型、中型、重型和超重型。根据压实原理的不同，压路机可分为静作用式、振动式和冲击式。根据压实轮结构型式，压路机可分为光轮式、凸块（羊脚碾）式和轮胎式等。根据压实轮组合型式，压路机可分为轮胎-光轮组合式、振动-振荡组合式等。根据压实轮作用形式，振动压路机可分为振动式、振荡式和垂直振动式等。
Road rollers can be divided into light, small, medium, heavy and super heavy according to the scope of work quality. According to different compaction principles, road rollers can be divided into static action type, vibration type and impact type. According to the structural type of compaction wheel, the roller can be divided into smooth wheel type, bump (sheep foot roller) type and tire type. According to the compaction wheel combination type, the roller can be divided into tire smooth wheel combination type, vibration oscillation combination type, etc. According to the action form of compaction wheel, vibratory roller can be divided into vibratory type, oscillating type and vertical vibratory type.
二、压路机操作技巧知识点
2、 Operating skills and knowledge points of roller
压路机向前或向后行走，此时应先试下脚刹车是否灵敏。注意：踩脚刹车时，不可用力过猛，应注意不要忘记先踩离合器。转动方向盘在原地试下，液压转向器是否有可靠。后扳发动机油门手柄使发动机达到速。变速或换向时压路机要先降低发动机转速，使压路机速度下降；变速或换向前，必须踩下主离合器，否则齿轮会发生早期磨损或折断。然后轻推或轻位变速或倒顺手柄，下到齿轮完啮合为止。
When the roller moves forward or backward, first test whether the foot brake is sensitive. Note: when stepping on the foot brake, do not apply too much force. Be careful not to forget to step on the clutch first. Turn the steering wheel and test whether the hydraulic steering gear is reliable in place. Pull back the engine throttle handle to make the engine reach speed. When changing speed or reversing, the roller shall first reduce the engine speed to reduce the speed of the roller; When changing speed or shifting forward, the main clutch must be pressed, otherwise the gear will be worn or broken early. Then gently push or slightly shift or reverse the handle until the gear is meshed.
三、压路机碾压技巧
3、 Roller rolling skills
无论是上坡碾压还是下坡碾压，压路机的驱动轮均应在后面，这样做有以下优点：上坡时，后面的驱动轮可以承受坡道及机器自身所提供的驱动力，同时前轮对路面进行初步压实，以承受驱动轮所产生的较大的剪切力；下坡时，压路机自重所产生的冲击力是靠驱动轮的制动来抵消的，只有经前轮碾压后的混合料才有支承后驱动轮产生剪切力的能力。
Whether rolling uphill or downhill, the driving wheel of the roller should be behind. This has the following advantages: when going uphill, the driving wheel behind can bear the driving force provided by the ramp and the machine itself. At the same time, the front wheel preliminarily compacts the road surface to bear the large shear force generated by the driving wheel; When going downhill, the impact force generated by the self weight of the roller is offset by the braking of the driving wheel. Only the mixture rolled by the front wheel has the ability to support the rear driving wheel to generate shear force.
四、压路机选购技巧
4、 Selection skills of roller
若想获得均匀的压实密度，可选用轮胎式压路机。轮胎式压路机在碾压时不破坏土壤原有的粘度，各层土壤之间有良好的结合性能，加之前轮可摆动，故压实较为均匀，不会有虚假压实情况。若想使路面压实平整，可选用驱动式压路机。如果是长期作业于路基压实的场所，应选购强夯或冲击压路机，若要尽快达到压实效果，可选用大吨位的压路机，以缩短工期。
If you want to obtain uniform compaction density, you can choose a tire roller. When rolling, the tire roller does not destroy the original viscosity of the soil, and there is good bonding performance between each layer of soil. In addition, the front wheel can swing, so the compaction is relatively uniform and there will be no false compaction. If you want to compact and level the road surface, you can choose a driven roller. In case of long-term operation in the place of subgrade compaction, dynamic compaction or impact roller shall be selected. In order to achieve the compaction effect as soon as possible, large tonnage roller can be selected to shorten the construction period.
五、常见压路机故障处理方法
5、 Troubleshooting of common roller faults
燃油管路空气排除方法：压路机的柴油机在使用过程中，因油箱中缺少柴油而熄火。柴油机熄火后，油箱中虽加上柴油，但此时柴油管路中已经进入空气，使用手油泵已无法恢复供油。
Air removal method of fuel pipeline: the diesel engine of the roller stalls due to the lack of diesel in the oil tank during use. After the diesel engine is shut down, although diesel is added to the oil tank, air has entered the diesel pipeline at this time, and the oil supply cannot be restored by using the hand oil pump.
为排除柴油管路中的空气，使该柴油机顺利启动，我们采取以下方法：先找来1个小盆并盛装定量柴油，将其放置在比柴油泵略高的位置；其次，将油箱连接手油泵的柴油管拆下，放入这个小盆的柴油中；再次，用手油泵泵送柴油，将低压油路中的空气排除干净后，再将油箱连接手油泵的柴油管装复后试机，柴油机启动正常。
In order to eliminate the air in the diesel pipeline and make the diesel engine start smoothly, we take the following methods: first find a small basin and fill it with quantitative diesel, and place it slightly higher than the diesel pump; Secondly, remove the diesel pipe connecting the oil tank to the hand oil pump and put it into the diesel in this small basin; Thirdly, pump the diesel oil with the hand pump, remove the air in the low-pressure oil circuit, reinstall the diesel pipe connecting the oil tank to the hand pump, and then test the engine. The diesel engine starts normally.
六、压路机维护知识点
6、 Roller maintenance knowledge points
变速箱保养：变速箱每季少清洗一次，清洗时，先在热状态下，停车拧开变速箱侧的放油螺塞，把箱内润滑油放出，再把油塞拧上，箱内灌入煤油，起动柴油机，使变速箱低速运转2-3分钟，停车放掉煤油，清洗油塞并拧到变速箱上，（注意：必须将煤油清放干净，以免润滑油与残留煤油混合而失去润滑果），然后再加新润滑油，加油面到油尺的标志线。
Gearbox maintenance: the gearbox shall be cleaned at least once a quarter. When cleaning, first stop the vehicle in a hot state, unscrew the oil drain plug on the side of the gearbox, drain the lubricating oil in the gearbox, then screw on the oil plug, fill the gearbox with kerosene, start the diesel engine, run the gearbox at low speed for 2-3 minutes, stop the vehicle, drain the kerosene, clean the oil plug and screw it onto the gearbox, (Note: the kerosene must be cleaned to avoid the loss of lubricating fruit due to the mixing of lubricating oil and residual kerosene), and then add new lubricating oil until the oil level reaches the mark line of the dipstick.
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